Will it Take a Constitutional Miracle to Save the Parsonage Exclusion?

When we last blogged about the “seemingly innocuous five line tax benefit” in Section 107 of the Internal Revenue Code, a District Court judge in California was reviewing a complaint filed by the Freedom From Religion Foundation, a nonprofit membership organization challenging this 90 year old provision.

Over the years, there have been a number of challenges to the parsonage tax exemption based on church and state separation constitutional grounds.  In 2002, the Ninth Circuit sua sponte in Warren v. Commissioner asked the taxpayer and the government to brief the constitutional issue. The Court also asked Professor Erwin Chemerinsky of the University of Southern California to write an amicus brief, which concluded that the provision was unconstitutional.

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Parsonage: Are Clerics Employees or Self-Employed?

Parsonage is a seemingly innocuous five line tax benefit in the Code.  This "innocent" provision of the Code, Section 107, appears to have befuddled many ministers and their professional advisors, however.

 

About 90 years ago, Congress promulgated an exclusion from income for the rental value of the housing provided to a “minister of the gospel,” which includes priests, rabbis, imams and any other duly ordained, commissioned or licensed member of the clergy.  Alternatively, the minister can exclude the rental allowance paid as part of compensation, to the extent actually used as rent or other costs of home ownership.  Since 2002, the allowance is capped at fair rental value, including furnishings and appurtenances (such as a garage), plus the cost of utilities.

 

While there are IRS publications that explain the tax nuances of parsonage (e.g., Publication 517 and The Tax Guide for Churches and Religious Organizations), the unusual tax treatment of ministers can still be very confusing.

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