On March 17, 2011, the New York State Attorney General’s Charities Bureau published “A Practical Guide to the New York Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act” (the “Guide”).  The Guide provides a summary of the New York Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act (“NYPMIFA”) as well as practical guidance on its application. Although the Guide is not an official regulation, since the Charities Bureau is tasked with enforcement of NYPMIFA, not-for-profit institutions are well advised to take this guidance into serious consideration.           

            As we have previously reported, NYPMIFA was enacted into law on September 17, 2010. It updates the Uniform Management of Institutional Funds Act, which had governed charitable endowment funds since 1978, with New York’s unique version of the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act (“UPMIFA”). By doing so, New York became the forty-seventh state to have enacted a version of UPMIFA.   

The CFA Institute has released guidance on the management of the financial resources of philanthropic organizations. Specifically, the CFA Institute developed the Investment Management Code of Conduct for Endowments, Foundations, and Charitable Organizations to specifically address the management of what are typically longer-term or permanent financial assets of these organizations. Board members and officers should be aware of the principles articulated in the Code of Conduct to successfully manage the investment of these types of assets and to ultimately protect the organization’s investments.

On September 17, 2010, New York State modified its laws governing the management and investment of charitable gifts by New York nonprofit institutions. Specifically, the NYS legislature adopted, subject to certain modifications, the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act. Importantly, officers should ensure that their Board is aware of all of the Act’s changes and that the relevant institutional policies, particularly investment policies, and practices are reviewed and revised accordingly.

SEI reports that a recent poll shows a continued commitment to alternative investments by nonprofit organizations, including educational institutions, hospitals, private foundations, and community foundations. Conducted in December, 2009, the poll looked into the current investment management practices of nonprofit organizations, the challenges these organizations are facing, and how these organizations are prioritizing and addressing these concerns for 2010.

With the plethora of news articles about charitable endowment losses as a result of investments with Bernie Madoff, it is incumbent on fiduciaries to review some fundamental laws on endowment.  These laws differ in each state.  This article will briefly review the rules applicable to endowments in New York.

An endowment fund is created when a person or entity donates money to a charity with the condition that the corporation cannot spend the money freely (commonly known as “permanently restricted”). The original donation is called the historic dollar value, that is, the aggregate fair value in dollars of (i) an endowment fund at the time it became an endowment fund; (ii) each subsequent donation to the fund at the time it is made, and (iii) each accumulation made pursuant to a direction in the applicable gift instrument at the time the accumulation is added to the fund. In New York, the governing board of an endowment fund operates under standards and guidelines from The New York Not for Profit Corporation Law (“NPC”), the New York Attorney General (“Attorney General”) and because New York has adopted it, principles of the Uniform Management of Institutional Funds Act (“UMIFA”).

Rules Governing Endowment Funds

New York law requires a governing board of a non-profit corporation to use all assets received for the purposes specified by the donor, including payment of reasonable and proper expenses. The board must also account for the endowment fund separate from other accounts. Further, the treasurer of the non-profit corporation must provide members of the board with annual reports of the fund’s assets and income, unless the donor states otherwise.

The Prudence Standard

Directors and officers of a non-profit corporation must discharge the duties of their positions in good faith and with the degree of diligence, care and skill which ordinarily prudent men would exercise under similar circumstances, according to the NPC and UMIFA. Before deciding whether to appropriate appreciation from endowment funds, the board must consider factors, such as the long and short term needs of the corporation in carrying out its purposes, its present and anticipated financial needs, expected return on total investments, price level trends and general economic conditions.